On Postposition of Verbal Derivations : Meaning and Function of "Pending-form"

埼玉県越谷市Phrases like "ni-tsuite", "ni-totte", "ni-oite", derived from verbs of pending form (chuushi-kei) and have the functions of particles, are called complex case-particles or postpositions. These phrases frequently appear in the intermediate and advanced curriculum of the Japanese language for foreign learners, Some of them function exactly like case-indicator particles, while others retain the meanings of their verb-form, used at the final position of phrases or sentences. Partly because these are rather formal expressions and partly for other reasons, little study has been done on these phreses so far ; how do they differ from other forms of expressions or what sort of psychology of the speaker do these phrases express? In this paper, semantic classification has been applied to some of the highly grammatically formalized pending-form postpositions with <ni-case>, <wo-case>, and <to-case>. Their synonymous phrases and their concord with end-sentence expressions have also been discussed, as well as the usage of such "nonce" phrases as "ni-karande", "ni-joujite", in which the verb-form meanings are largely retained